Cross-Layer Protocol Combining Tree Routing and TDMA Slotting in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cross-Layer Protocol Combining Tree Routing and TDMA Slotting in Wireless Sensor Networks

Being different from other networks, the load and direction of data traffic for wireless sensor networks are rather predictable. The relationships between nodes are cooperative rather than competitive. These features allow the design approach of a protocol stack to be able to use the cross-layer interactive way instead of a hierarchical structure. The proposed cross-layer protocol CLWSN optimiz...

A fault tolerance routing protocol considering defined reliability and energy consumption in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, optimal consumptionof energy and having maximum life time are important factors. In this article attempt has been made to send the data packets with particular reliability from the beginning based on AODV protocol. In this way two new fields add to the routing packets and during routing and discovering of new routes, the lowest remained energy of nodes and route tra...

Cross-layer routing and time synchronisation in wireless sensor networks

A common time reference across nodes is required in most Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications. It is needed, for example, to time-stamp sensor samples and for long-term duty cycling of nodes. Also many routing protocols require that nodes communicate according to some predefined schedule for reasons of energy efficiency. However, independent distribution of the time information, without...

Cross-Layer Design for Smart Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Secure Routing Protocol Using Cross-Layer Design and Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks

1 Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi Arabia 2 Institute of Information Technology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat City 26000, Pakistan Department of Communications, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera 46022, Valencia, Spain 4 School of Engineering and Information Sciences, Mid...